I don't know if there is anywhere along the Jersey coast that you would want to stay for two weeks, but if you make a few stops, you can easily fill the time. I can't help you much with North jersey, but if you're spening two weeks, you want to make it down to Cape May, and up the DE bay a bit too if you like to fish, depending on when in the summer you are down here. If the weather cooperated, I would probably spend three or four days on Barnegat Bay, head down to Cape May for a week, stop off on the way north in Atlantic City for a night or two, and then head towards home from AC.
There is a book that you can find on Amazon, called "A Cruising Guide to New Jersey Waters" by Donald Launer - it is a great guide to this area.
Even if you never plan to set foot in a Casino, at least one night at Trump marina in AC is a good stop, if only to gawk at all the yachts in the marina. There is also an amusement park at the steel pier
http://www.steelpier.com/ , nice boardwalk, ( and plenty of hookers

). At $4.00 per foot during peak season, a night is probably as long as you want to be there.
A few miles south of AC is Margate, which is a cool little beach town. You can get there via the inlet, or just cruise the ICW from AC, although the wait at the railroad swing bridge can be brutal. Great bars, restaraunts, and beach - plenty of marinas, a lot cheaper than Atlantic City, but I don't think there are any with pools.
Next is Ocean City, which is a dry town, so I don't know anything about it. After OC is Sea Isle City, which is mostly college students on weekends, but filled with teenagers during the week. Your 16 year old would probably like this town. The marina facilities are almost non existent though, so keep heading south.
A nice stopever half way between Cape May and Atlantic City is Avalon/Stone Harbor. Very nice beaches, restaruants, shopping, etc - but marina facilities are somewhat lacking. Avalon Pointe Marina is very convienient to the inlet, but it's more of a boat yard then a marina.
http://avalonmarine.com/apm/index.html Commodore Bay marina is a little nicer, but at three times the price, it's not that much nicer. But at Avalon Pointe, you aren't within walking distance of anything, at Commodore Bay, you are a couple blocks from the town, and beach. No pools at either.
After Stone Harbor is Wildwood, which has a huge boardwalk, and another amusement park. After Wildwood, you are in Cape May. Cape May's nicest marina is probably Canyon Club,
http://www.canyonclubmarina.com/ From there it's an easy trip through the canal into the DE bay.