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By law, the U.S. Coast Guard is tasked with the enforcement, but they have pretty much delegated the enforcement to the Marine Police, other state and local authorities, Coast Guard Auxiliary, Power Squadrons, Sheriff Joe, Game Wardens, Dog Catchers, kid down the block, and you name it...
Their unofficial and unstated position is that they are too short-handed to be Potty-Police, when Homeland Security, stopping drug smuggling, Search and Rescue responsibilities and other priorities should, and usually do, come first!
As far as who writes the laws, it is done by the eggheads at the EPA together with various congressional committees. Then, when individual states want to declare a certain area within their state, they must apply to the EPA. For all intents and purposes, the EPA is the responsible agency.
However in actual practice, as was the recent case in Maryland, local politicians who want to look good to their various constituencies, write ordinances and edicts applicable to their particular state and try to get them through their state legislatures first. Then they apply to the EPA for federal approval of what they're attempting to do. This is often done without knowledge of what they're actually doing, and without scientific data to support their assertions. ("Don't try to confuse me with the facts, my mind is made up...!") And sometimes they wind up with egg on their faces. But unfortunately, they usually get their way. The Maryland deal last year, with them pretty much throwing it out after quite a bit of public outrage, was a breath of fresh air for a change! We can all thank Kurt (Mixman) for his efforts in that battle. He grabbed the ball, ran with it, and scored! He deserves a round of applause from all of us.